Flying is mostly queues, noise, and rules; make the system work for you instead of against you.
It depends on where you’re going and when. For busy holiday periods, rare routes, and peak weekends, booking early is usually cheaper and gives better flight times and seats. For many regular routes, though, prices bounce around within a band until a few weeks before departure, then spike as the plane fills or business travelers step in. The safest move is to start tracking several months out, decide what’s a “good enough” fare for you, and book when you see it rather than chasing the absolute lowest price. Waiting for miracle last-minute deals is risky now unless your plans are flexible and you don’t care which flight or even which day you fly.
Sometimes yes, sometimes no. Budget airlines make their money on extras: bags, seat selection, airport choice, food, and strict rules if you mess up check-in or boarding times. If you’re traveling light with just a small backpack, don’t care where you sit, and can follow their rules exactly, they can be much cheaper than full-service flights. But if you need a checked bag, like to sit with your group, or are flying at awkward times that require taxis to distant airports, a legacy carrier often ends up roughly the same price with less hassle and better protection when things go wrong. The only honest way to compare is to price the full door-to-door journey as you’ll actually fly it.
First, don’t just sit and hope. As soon as it looks serious, get in multiple queues at once: physical customer service desk, airline app, website, and any phone line you can reach. Know in advance whether your ticket is on one booking or several, and what your basic rights are in the countries you’re flying through so you can ask for what you’re owed—rebooking, food vouchers, hotel, or compensation. Being polite but firm helps more than shouting; staff are more likely to work with you. Always keep screenshots of delay notices, boarding passes, and receipts for extra expenses in case you claim later. If you’re traveling with others, split tasks so one person works the desk while another checks alternatives online.