What it pays
Government survey numbers — not estimates, not ads.
Half of all Mathematicians in the U.S. earn more than $126,710 a year — the middle 80% land between $69,240 and $195,190. About 2,030 people in the U.S. do this work. Figures are for the U.S. occupation group “Mathematicians”. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics survey, published 2025.) In India, Professionals earn about ₹38,298 a month on average — around ₹4.6 lakh a year (government PLFS survey via ILOSTAT, occupation-family figure).
$126,710typical pay / year
2,030people in this work
$195,190+top 10% earn
₹4.6 lakha year in India (family avg)
Think you get this job?Six quick questions on how it really works — with a hint and the reason behind every answer.
Test yourself →The work, task by task
These are the real jobs-to-be-done, not a wish list. Each task shows where we found it, and the prompt underneath is written for that exact task.
Analysing3
Perform actuarial computations
+Run the actuarial batch for the Q2 portfolio using the validated loss distributions, produce a table of…
Perform actuarial computations
+Run the actuarial batch for the Q2 portfolio using the validated loss distributions, produce a table of reserve estimates with 95% confidence intervals, flag lines with changes over 10%, and save the numeric outputs and diagnostic logs to the project analysis folder by Friday noon.
The tools that do the workLinuxjob descriptionsO*NETWikipedia
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Research and discover new mathematical ideas
+Explore extensions of the current estimator by deriving asymptotic variance for a proposed bias-correction…
Research and discover new mathematical ideas
+Explore extensions of the current estimator by deriving asymptotic variance for a proposed bias-correction term, run small simulations to test performance on skewed samples, and write a two-page note on promising directions for the group meeting next Tuesday.
The tools that do the workC++ESCOO*NETWikipedia
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Design mathematical models to interpret data
+Develop a parsimonious model linking sensor covariates to outcome rates: specify the equations, fit competing…
Design mathematical models to interpret data
+Develop a parsimonious model linking sensor covariates to outcome rates: specify the equations, fit competing variants to last year’s data, compare AIC and predictive error, and export the chosen model specification and parameter table to the shared models repository.
The tools that do the workJavaScriptjob descriptionsWikipedia
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Learning1
Mentor others on mathematical techniques
+Prepare a one-hour hands-on session for the junior analysts on maximum likelihood and bootstrapping: draft…
Mentor others on mathematical techniques
+Prepare a one-hour hands-on session for the junior analysts on maximum likelihood and bootstrapping: draft the teaching notes, build two short worked examples with datasets, and upload the slides and notebooks to the team folder before Wednesday so they can prep.
The tools that do the workIBM SPSS Statisticsjob descriptionsO*NETWikipedia
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The daily work16
Disseminate research by writing reports, publishing papers, or presenting at professional conferences.
+Write a 1,200–1,500 word research report summarising our March–June simulation results on turbulent plume…
Disseminate research by writing reports, publishing papers, or presenting at professional conferences.
+Write a 1,200–1,500 word research report summarising our March–June simulation results on turbulent plume mixing, include methods, key equations, three figures with captions, a results table ready for journal submission, and a one-paragraph plain-English impact statement for the funding agency.
The tools that do the workLinuxO*NET
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Assemble sets of assumptions, and explore the consequences of each set.
+Create five coherent assumption sets for the coastal circulation model varying boundary forcing and…
Assemble sets of assumptions, and explore the consequences of each set.
+Create five coherent assumption sets for the coastal circulation model varying boundary forcing and turbulence closure, run each set through the model, compare time-averaged transport and error metrics, and produce a short memo recommending which assumption set to use for the Phase II proposal.
The tools that do the workC++O*NET
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Address the relationships of quantities, magnitudes, and forms through the use of numbers and symbols.
+Derive and typeset the governing equations linking scalar variance to dissipation rate for our mixing study,…
Address the relationships of quantities, magnitudes, and forms through the use of numbers and symbols.
+Derive and typeset the governing equations linking scalar variance to dissipation rate for our mixing study, solve the linearised case symbolically, produce numeric examples with parameter values from table 2, and export the derivation and plots for inclusion in the methods section.
The tools that do the workBashO*NET
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Design, analyze, and decipher encryption systems designed to transmit military, political, financial, or law-enforcement-related information in code.
+Design and test a prototype cipher framework for secure telemetry between sensor nodes and the control…
Design, analyze, and decipher encryption systems designed to transmit military, political, financial, or law-enforcement-related information in code.
+Design and test a prototype cipher framework for secure telemetry between sensor nodes and the control server, document threat model and key management, run the test vectors and report performance overhead and failure cases for the classified appendix.
The tools that do the workC#C++O*NET
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Compile charts and graphs for data presentation
+Produce publication-quality charts showing ensemble mean, standard deviation, and outlier trajectories for…
Compile charts and graphs for data presentation
+Produce publication-quality charts showing ensemble mean, standard deviation, and outlier trajectories for the June run, use consistent color palette and axis ranges, export PNG and vector versions, and attach a short legend-ready caption for each figure.
The tools that do the workJavaScriptjob descriptions
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Identify problems through discussion with colleagues or clients
+Schedule and lead a one-hour problem-discovery meeting with Sam in modelling, Aisha in instrumentation, and…
Identify problems through discussion with colleagues or clients
+Schedule and lead a one-hour problem-discovery meeting with Sam in modelling, Aisha in instrumentation, and Marco in operations, collect specific failure examples, list hypotheses, assign two follow-ups with deadlines, and circulate minutes within 24 hours.
The tools that do the workAtlassian JIRAjob descriptions
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Develop methods like exhaustion for calculations
+Develop and document an exhaustion-style numerical method for the turbulent mixing calculation, include…
Develop methods like exhaustion for calculations
+Develop and document an exhaustion-style numerical method for the turbulent mixing calculation, include convergence proofs, test cases comparing against the standard benchmark problem, and produce runnable code and a short reproducibility note by next Wednesday.
The tools that do the workC++Wikipedia
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Apply knowledge to engineering and scientific challenges
+Translate the fluid–structure interaction requirement into a solvable computational experiment, design…
Apply knowledge to engineering and scientific challenges
+Translate the fluid–structure interaction requirement into a solvable computational experiment, design boundary conditions and parameter sweeps that answer the engineering question, estimate compute cost, then deliver a methods notebook and recommended simulation script by Friday.
The tools that do the workLinuxC++ESCO
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Conduct quantitative research
+Assemble and run a quantitative study of heat transfer coefficients across three geometries, clean and…
Conduct quantitative research
+Assemble and run a quantitative study of heat transfer coefficients across three geometries, clean and version the measurement data, run statistical comparisons with uncertainty estimates, and produce a short report with code and data by Monday morning.
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Think analytically
+Break the complex inverse problem into testable subproblems, produce analytic checks and quick numerical…
Think analytically
+Break the complex inverse problem into testable subproblems, produce analytic checks and quick numerical diagnostics to falsify bad assumptions, then summarise which model choices remain plausible before the design review on Tuesday.
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Collect data from statistical or experimental sources
+Gather raw measurements and logged outputs from the thermal conductivity runs and the field sensor CSVs,…
Collect data from statistical or experimental sources
+Gather raw measurements and logged outputs from the thermal conductivity runs and the field sensor CSVs, merge them with the lab trial spreadsheets, flag missing timestamps, and produce one cleaned dataset ready for modelling by Tuesday noon.
The tools that do the workBashLinuxjob descriptions
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Design experiments and research projects
+Write the protocol for the next three-factor study: list hypotheses, independent variables, randomisation…
Design experiments and research projects
+Write the protocol for the next three-factor study: list hypotheses, independent variables, randomisation scheme, sample sizes with power calculations, stopping rules, and deliver the protocol and the annotated schedule to the PI by Friday.
The tools that do the workIBM SPSS Statisticsjob descriptions
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Analyze results to provide insights in various fields
+Run the regression and residual diagnostics on the simulation outputs, compute effect sizes and confidence…
Analyze results to provide insights in various fields
+Run the regression and residual diagnostics on the simulation outputs, compute effect sizes and confidence intervals, create a one-page summary of key insights and uncertainty bounds for the stakeholder meeting Wednesday afternoon.
The tools that do the workIBM SPSS Statisticsjob descriptions
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Derive corollaries from theorems
+Starting from the proven lemma, generate all direct corollaries, provide concise proofs or counterexamples…
Derive corollaries from theorems
+Starting from the proven lemma, generate all direct corollaries, provide concise proofs or counterexamples for each, and list any additional assumptions needed so we can include them in the paper draft by Friday.
The tools that do the workC++Wikipedia
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Calculate areas, volumes, and surface areas of shapes
+Compute exact areas, volumes, and surface areas for the set of analytic shapes used in the report, include…
Calculate areas, volumes, and surface areas of shapes
+Compute exact areas, volumes, and surface areas for the set of analytic shapes used in the report, include formulas, numeric evaluations to six significant figures, and a note on any approximations by Monday morning.
The tools that do the workC++Wikipedia
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Approximate mathematical constants such as π
+Implement and run three independent algorithms to approximate pi to at least one million digits, compare…
Approximate mathematical constants such as π
+Implement and run three independent algorithms to approximate pi to at least one million digits, compare convergence rates and runtime, and provide the code and performance table for the methods section by next Tuesday.
The tools that do the workC++Wikipedia
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Built on public evidence: O*NET®, ESCO, Wikipedia, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, ILOSTAT. All sources & licenses
Built on public evidence: O*NET®, ESCO, Wikipedia, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, ILOSTAT. All sources & licenses