◆ Microsoft Excel

When you need to pivot

Summarise with pivot tables. These are the workflows people run in Excel to pivot, the busiest ones first — each with a prompt in four ways.

4workflows
46real tasks

The workflows

4 in all · busiest first

Questions people actually ask

with the jobs and tasks they touch

A pivot table lets you quickly summarize and analyze large data sets. To create one, select your data range, go to the Insert tab, and pick PivotTable. Excel will help you choose where to place it, then you can drag fields into Rows, Columns, and Values. This is helpful for tasks like Data Analysis and Data Reshaping.

  1. Highlight your full data range.
  2. Click the Insert tab, then PivotTable.
  3. Choose where to place the pivot table (new or existing sheet).
  4. Drag fields into Rows, Columns, and Values in the PivotTable Fields panel.
  5. Adjust the layout as needed to summarize your data.

Pivot tables are for quickly summarizing and exploring data, while formulas let you carry out calculations or custom analysis. Pivots are faster for grouping and totals, but formulas offer more control. If you need dynamic summaries, use a pivot table; for specific calculations, use formulas.

FeaturePivot TableFormula
SpeedQuick summariesManual setup
ControlLimited customizationFull flexibility
UpdatingEasy refreshUpdate formulas manually
Best ForData groupingCustom calculations
see alsoFormulas →

To group dates (like by month or year) or numbers (like into ranges), right-click on a value inside your pivot table, choose 'Group', and pick your settings. This is useful for making reports or audits easier to read, such as for an Auditor or Compliance Manager.

  1. Click a date or number in your pivot table.
  2. Right-click, select Group.
  3. Choose your grouping option (e.g., Months, Years for dates; ranges for numbers).
  4. Click OK to apply the grouping.
  5. Review the updated summary in your pivot table.

You can combine data from different sheets or tables using the Data Model. When creating your pivot, check 'Add this data to the Data Model'. This is valuable for roles like a Pmo Analyst or Regulatory Affairs Analyst needing to compare different project or compliance datasets.

If your data isn’t in tables, convert them first to Excel Tables for best results.

After you update your source data, you need to refresh your pivot table to show the new values. Right-click anywhere in the pivot table and pick 'Refresh'. This updates all the summaries and calculations instantly, saving time for Data Analysis and Reporting.

  1. Click anywhere inside your pivot table.
  2. Right-click and choose Refresh.
  3. Check that your data has updated in the table.
  4. Repeat any time your source data changes.

You can filter and sort pivot tables by clicking the drop-down arrow on field labels. Choose which items to display or use Value Filters for more advanced options. Sorting is as easy as selecting the drop-down and picking A-Z or Z-A. This is essential for roles like a Campaign Manager tracking results.

  1. Click the drop-down arrow on the row or column field label.
  2. Select the items you want to show or hide.
  3. To sort, click the same arrow and choose Sort A-Z or Z-A.
  4. Optionally use Value Filters for advanced filtering.

A pivot table shows data in rows and columns, letting you explore and group it in different ways. A chart gives a visual summary, like a bar or pie chart. You often use a pivot table first, then create a chart from it for presentations.

Summary TypePivot TableChart
FormatTable with rows/columnsGraphical (bars, lines, etc.)
InteractivityYes, dynamicLimited
PresentationDetailed data viewEasy to share visually
Best ForExploring dataShowing trends/patterns
see alsoChart →

Pivot tables can handle blanks, but errors (#DIV/0!, #VALUE!) may cause issues or show as blanks/zeros in the summary. It’s best to clean your data first for reliable results. The 'clean' category in Excel can help with this before you start your pivot.

see alsoClean →

Pivot tables can display grand totals and subtotals by default, but you can turn them on or off as needed. Go to the PivotTable Analyze or Design tab, click Subtotals or Grand Totals, and pick your option. This is useful for tasks like Group Audit Findings and Data Modeling.

  1. Click inside your pivot table.
  2. Go to the PivotTable Analyze or Design tab.
  3. Click on Subtotals and choose a setting (Show/Hide).
  4. Click on Grand Totals and choose where to display them.
  5. Check your pivot table for the new summary rows.

Use the filter buttons and drag-and-drop fields in the PivotTable Fields pane to change row, column, or value fields. This lets you see your data from different angles without making a new table, great for Data Analysis and quick scenario checks.

  1. Open the PivotTable Fields pane (click inside your pivot table).
  2. Drag different fields into Rows, Columns, or Values.
  3. Use filters at the top of the pane to show/hide data.
  4. Experiment with layouts to find the view you need.

Yes, pivots are very effective for revealing time-based patterns. Group your date field by month or year, then analyze changes across periods. Roles like Environmental Scientist or Transportation Planner use this for tracking changes and planning.

Excel’s Analyze Data (Ideas) tool can suggest pivot tables and summaries based on your data. It’s useful for getting started or when you’re unsure how to summarize large datasets. However, the suggestions might not fit every situation, so check before using them in reports.

see alsoAutomate →

Use a pivot table when you have a lot of data and need to group, count, or summarize quickly. Manual sorting and counting is slow and error-prone for big sets. Political Scientists and Social Workers often use pivots to spot patterns and get quick answers from survey data.

Web Designers use pivot tables to quickly review logs, project tasks, or analytics. Instead of sorting and counting results by hand, a pivot summarizes what’s important. This means less time on busywork and more time designing. If you need to visualize your findings, you can move straight to the chart category.

Some common mistakes include using data with blank columns, forgetting to refresh after changes, and not cleaning source data before starting. Also, double-check field names and always use tables for reliable pivots. Industrial Designers and Conservation Scientists need accurate data summaries for good decisions.

  • Don't use data with blank columns or rows
  • Always refresh your pivot after changing data
  • Clean your data before building the pivot
  • Use Excel Tables for your source data
  • Ensure field names are clear and unique
  • Check for errors in your source data