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Key Point: Main parts (simple count) = Head (1) + Neck (1) + Trunk (1) + Arms (2) + Legs (2) = 7 main external parts
The human body has many parts that we can see from outside. These external parts help us move, feel, eat, breathe and talk. For young learners it is useful to know the main parts and what they do.
Main external parts:
Senses (what the body uses to learn about the world): eyes (sight), ears (hearing), nose (smell), tongue (taste) and skin (touch). These are external parts that help us understand things around us.
Hygiene and safety: Keep external parts clean—wash hands before eating, brush teeth, bathe, comb hair, and protect eyes and ears from harm. Wear shoes to protect feet and helmets when cycling.
Key Point: Eye + Light -> See (Sight)
What are senses? Senses help us know the world. We get messages from around us through our sense organs. There are five main senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch.
How they work (simple): Each sense organ gets a message (stimulus) from the world and sends it to the brain. The brain tells us what we are seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting or feeling.
Safety and care: Keep eyes clean, don’t put sharp things in ears or nose, eat healthy for good taste, wash hands to keep skin clean, and avoid touching hot objects.
Fun activities: Play a guessing game: close eyes and taste a safe food, or blindfold and guess objects by touch. These help children learn how each sense works.
Key Point: See = Eyes + Light
What are functions of body parts? Functions are what a body part does. Different parts of our body have different jobs that help us live, learn and play. Children use simple organs and limbs every day to see, hear, taste, smell, touch, move and do work.
How they work (simple): Something from the world (a stimulus) reaches a body part (like light to the eyes or sound to the ears). The body part sends a message to the brain. The brain understands and tells the body how to respond (for example, move away, smile, eat).
Care tips: Wash hands, keep eyes clean, avoid loud noises, cover mouth when coughing, eat healthy food and get plenty of sleep so body parts work well.
Quick activity for children: Close your eyes and try to identify objects by touch; or taste small pieces of sweet and sour foods and name them — this helps understand functions practically.
Key Point: Handwash = Soap + Water + 20 seconds rubbing + Rinse + Dry
Hygiene and personal care mean keeping our body, clothes and surroundings clean so we stay healthy and do not get sick. Good hygiene helps stop germs (tiny living things that can make us ill) from spreading.
Important daily habits:
Benefits of hygiene and personal care:
Key Point: Healthy Body = Food + Water + Good Habits
What is food and why do we need it? Food gives our body energy to play, study and grow. Food also helps our body to become strong and stay well. There are different kinds of food: cereals and grains (chapati, rice), proteins (dal, eggs, paneer), vegetables, fruits, milk and milk products. Each kind of food helps our body in a different way — for example, proteins help build muscles, milk helps make strong bones, and fruits and vegetables give vitamins to keep us healthy.
Why is water important? Water keeps our body working. It keeps us cool, helps digestion, and carries nutrients to different parts of the body. We should drink clean and safe water. Avoid drinking dirty water because it can make us sick.
Healthy habits are simple things we do every day to stay healthy. These include washing hands before eating and after using the toilet, brushing teeth twice a day, bathing regularly, sleeping well, exercising or playing outside, and eating a variety of healthy foods. Avoid too many sweets and fried junk food.
How to follow these at home and school: Parents and teachers can make a routine — a plate with different food groups, a water bottle to sip during the day, a hand-washing chart, and a daily play and sleep schedule. Children can learn by doing: wash hands with soap for 20 seconds, brush in the morning and night, and eat fruits every day.
Key Point: Distance = Speed × Time (simple idea: how far you go = how fast you move × how long you move). Example for kids: if you walk 1 metre every second for 10 seconds, you cover 10 metres.
What is movement? Movement is when any part of our body goes from one place to another or changes position. We move by using our legs, arms, head, hands and other body parts. Examples of movement are walking, running, jumping, bending, turning and stretching.
What are physical activities? Physical activities are actions that make our body move. Playing games, doing exercises, dancing, skipping, and even helping with simple chores are physical activities. These make our muscles, bones and heart stronger.
Why are movement and physical activities important? They help us stay healthy, grow properly, gain strength, have more energy, sleep well at night and keep our mind happy. Moving also helps food get digested and keeps our body weight normal.
How to do safe movement? Always warm up with light stretching before running or playing. Drink water when thirsty, wear comfortable shoes and clothes, play in safe places away from traffic, and ask an adult to help with heavy tasks. Take rest if you feel tired or dizzy.
Good habits to include every day: Walk to nearby places when possible, play active games for 20–30 minutes, do simple morning stretches, and limit long sitting times. Mix different activities: running, jumping, dancing and quiet play.
Key Point: Clean Hands = Soap + Water + 20 seconds (rub well)
What it means: Safety and protection of the body means taking simple steps every day to keep our body clean, safe and healthy. It helps us avoid illness and injuries so we can play, learn and grow.
Protecting different body parts:
Daily safety and protection habits:
First aid and asking for help: If hurt or feeling very sick, tell a parent, teacher or trusted adult immediately. For small cuts, wash with clean water and tell an adult to put a bandage. For serious injuries, an adult should call for medical help.
Why it is important: Following these simple rules protects our body from germs, injuries and sickness. It also helps us feel happy and energetic.
Key Point: If weather is hot → wear light, breathable clothes (cotton/linen).
What are clothes for? Clothes protect our body, keep us clean, and help us feel comfortable. They also protect us from heat, cold and rain.
Seasons and how they affect our clothes
Other tips
Key Point: Feeling = Reason + Body signals (e.g., Happy = Gift + Smile)
Feelings and emotions are the different ways we feel inside. They tell us how something makes us feel. Some common feelings are happy, sad, angry, scared, surprised and loving. Emotions come from what happens around us (for example, a birthday or a fall) and from our thoughts.
We can notice feelings in our body: when we are happy we smile and laugh; when we are sad we may cry; when we are scared our heart may beat fast. It is good to talk about our feelings with a parent, teacher or friend. We can also use simple ways to feel better, like taking deep breaths, counting slowly, or playing with a toy.
Knowing about feelings helps us be kind to others. If a friend is sad, we can listen and comfort them. If someone is angry, we should give them space and speak calmly. Learning to name feelings (saying "I feel sad" or "I feel happy") helps us understand and share them.
Key Point: Growth (amount) = Final measurement − Initial measurement (for example, 95 cm − 90 cm = 5 cm)
What is Growth? Growth means getting bigger or taller. For children, growth is how the body becomes larger and stronger as time passes. You can notice it when clothes become small, shoes don’t fit, or you can reach higher than before.
What is Change? Change means anything that becomes different. Some changes happen slowly (like getting taller), and some happen quickly (like cutting hair). Changes can be in the body (height, teeth, hair), in abilities (learning to walk, talk, read), and in feelings.
How do we see growth and change? We measure growth by checking things like height and weight or by noting new skills and teeth. Growth needs good food, sleep, play, and care. Some changes are normal and happen to everyone as they grow.
Important points for Class 1: