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Chapter 12 — Areas Related To Circles

Class 10 · Mathematics Old

Overview

Chapter 12 — Areas Related To Circles Cover Poster

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Key Concepts

Circle
Set of all points in a plane at a fixed distance (radius) from a fixed point (centre).
Radius
Line segment from the centre of a circle to any point on the circle; its length is the radius (r).
Diameter
A chord passing through the centre; equal to twice the radius (d = 2r).
Chord
A line segment whose endpoints lie on the circle.
Secant
A line that intersects a circle at two distinct points.
Tangent
A line that touches the circle at exactly one point and is perpendicular to the radius at that point.
Point of tangency
The single point where a tangent touches the circle.
Arc
A continuous part of the circle between two points; measured by its central angle or length.
Minor arc
The shorter arc connecting two points on a circle (central angle < 180°).
Major arc
The longer arc connecting two points on a circle (central angle > 180°).
Semicircle
An arc (or region) that is exactly half of a circle (central angle 180°).
Central angle
Angle formed at the centre of the circle by two radii; it subtends an arc.
Sector
Region bounded by two radii and the included arc (like a 'pizza slice').
Segment (circular)
Region bounded by a chord and the corresponding arc; equals sector minus triangular part (if triangle is formed by radii).
Circumference
Perimeter or total distance around a circle; C = 2πr (or πd).
Area of a circle
Total area enclosed by the circle; A = πr^2.
Area of a sector
Portion of circle area cut by two radii: (θ/360)·πr^2 where θ is central angle in degrees.
Area of a segment
Area between a chord and its arc = area of corresponding sector − area of the triangle formed by the two radii and the chord.
Annulus (circular ring)
Region between two concentric circles of different radii; area = π(R^2 − r^2).
Concentric circles
Two or more circles that share the same centre but have different radii.

Practice Questions

  1. Define a sector and a segment of a circle and state how the area of a minor segment is obtained. / वृत्त के त्रिज्यखंड और वृत्तखंड को परिभाषित कीजिए और बताइए कि लघु वृत्तखंड का क्षेत्रफल कैसे प्राप्त किया जाता है।
    Show answer

    A sector is the region bounded by two radii and the included arc, while a segment is the region bounded by a chord and its corresponding arc; the area of a minor segment equals the area of the corresponding sector minus the area of the triangle formed by the two radii and the chord. / त्रिज्यखंड दो त्रिज्याओं और अंतर्गत चाप से घिरा क्षेत्र है, जबकि वृत्तखंड एक जीवा और उसके संगत चाप से घिरा क्षेत्र है; लघु वृत्तखंड का क्षेत्रफल संगत त्रिज्यखंड के क्षेत्रफल में से दो त्रिज्याओं और जीवा द्वारा बने त्रिभुज के क्षेत्रफल को घटाने पर प्राप्त होता है।

  2. Find the area of a sector of a circle of radius 7 cm with central angle 60°. (Use π = 22/7) / 60° केंद्रीय कोण वाले 7 सेमी त्रिज्या के वृत्त के त्रिज्यखंड का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए। (π = 22/7 लीजिए)
    Show answer

    Area = (θ/360)·πr² = (60/360) × (22/7) × 7 × 7 = (1/6) × 154 = 25.67 cm² (approximately 25.67 cm²). / क्षेत्रफल = (θ/360)·πr² = (60/360) × (22/7) × 7 × 7 = (1/6) × 154 = 25.67 सेमी² (लगभग 25.67 सेमी²)।

  3. The circumference of a circle is 44 cm. Find its area. (Use π = 22/7) / एक वृत्त की परिधि 44 सेमी है। इसका क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए। (π = 22/7 लीजिए)
    Show answer

    From C = 2πr, 44 = 2 × (22/7) × r gives r = 7 cm; then area = πr² = (22/7) × 7 × 7 = 154 cm². / C = 2πr से, 44 = 2 × (22/7) × r देता है r = 7 सेमी; तब क्षेत्रफल = πr² = (22/7) × 7 × 7 = 154 सेमी²।

  4. What is an annulus (circular ring), and how is its area calculated? / वलय (वृत्तीय छल्ला) क्या है, और इसका क्षेत्रफल कैसे निकाला जाता है?
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    An annulus is the region between two concentric circles of different radii R and r (R > r); its area is the difference of the two circle areas, π(R² − r²). / वलय दो भिन्न त्रिज्याओं R और r (R > r) वाले संकेंद्रीय वृत्तों के बीच का क्षेत्र है; इसका क्षेत्रफल दोनों वृत्तों के क्षेत्रफलों का अंतर है, π(R² − r²)।

  5. Two circles have areas in the ratio 4:9. Find the ratio of their radii and of their circumferences. / दो वृत्तों के क्षेत्रफलों का अनुपात 4:9 है। उनकी त्रिज्याओं और परिधियों का अनुपात ज्ञात कीजिए।
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    Since area ∝ r², the ratio of radii is √4:√9 = 2:3; since circumference ∝ r, the ratio of circumferences is also 2:3. / चूँकि क्षेत्रफल ∝ r², त्रिज्याओं का अनुपात √4:√9 = 2:3 है; चूँकि परिधि ∝ r, परिधियों का अनुपात भी 2:3 है।

  6. Explain why the area of a sector is given by (θ/360)·πr². / त्रिज्यखंड का क्षेत्रफल (θ/360)·πr² से क्यों दिया जाता है, समझाइए।
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    A full circle (360°) has area πr², and a sector with central angle θ is the fraction θ/360 of the whole circle, so its area is that same fraction of πr², i.e. (θ/360)·πr². / पूर्ण वृत्त (360°) का क्षेत्रफल πr² होता है, और केंद्रीय कोण θ वाला त्रिज्यखंड पूरे वृत्त का θ/360 भाग है, अतः इसका क्षेत्रफल πr² का उतना ही भाग है, अर्थात् (θ/360)·πr²।

  7. The minute hand of a clock is 14 cm long. Find the area swept by it in 15 minutes. (Use π = 22/7) / एक घड़ी की मिनट की सुई 14 सेमी लंबी है। 15 मिनट में इसके द्वारा बनाए गए क्षेत्रफल को ज्ञात कीजिए। (π = 22/7 लीजिए)
    Show answer

    In 15 minutes the hand sweeps 90°; area = (90/360)·πr² = (1/4) × (22/7) × 14 × 14 = (1/4) × 616 = 154 cm². / 15 मिनट में सुई 90° बनाती है; क्षेत्रफल = (90/360)·πr² = (1/4) × (22/7) × 14 × 14 = (1/4) × 616 = 154 सेमी²।

  8. Distinguish between a chord, a diameter and a secant of a circle. / वृत्त की जीवा, व्यास और छेदक रेखा में अंतर बताइए।
    Show answer

    A chord is a segment with both endpoints on the circle; a diameter is a special chord passing through the centre (the longest chord, equal to 2r); a secant is a line that intersects the circle at two distinct points and extends beyond it. / जीवा वह रेखाखंड है जिसके दोनों सिरे वृत्त पर हों; व्यास एक विशेष जीवा है जो केंद्र से होकर जाती है (सबसे लंबी जीवा, 2r के बराबर); छेदक रेखा वह रेखा है जो वृत्त को दो भिन्न बिंदुओं पर काटती है और उससे आगे बढ़ती है।

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