Body Parts

What are body parts?
Our body is made of many parts. Each part has a name and a job. In this unit we will learn the names of the most common parts you use every day: head, eyes, ears, nose, mouth, teeth, hands, fingers, legs, feet and toes. Learning these names helps you talk about your body, tell a teacher if you hurt, and follow simple instructions in class.

Start with looking and touching. Use a mirror or a picture. Say the English word and then the Hindi name. For example: "This is my hand." and "यह मेरा हाथ है।" Ask children to point, touch and repeat. Use songs and short games to make the words easy to remember. For example, sing a rhyme while touching each part in turn, or play "Simon Says" using body-part commands.

Teach one short sentence for each part and one simple function, like "I see with my eyes" or "I clap with my hands." Keep sentences slow and clear. Show pictures, point to the part on a doll, and use gestures so children understand meaning. Repeat the words many times over different days so children learn the names and feel confident to say them in English and Hindi.

Head: name and use
The head sits at the top of the body. It has the face and the brain inside. On the face we find the eyes, ears, nose and mouth. We use our head to hold these parts and to think. When you touch your head, say the word loudly and clearly so everyone can hear. Use both English and Hindi so children learn both names. For example: "This is my head." / "यह मेरा सिर है।"

Teach small actions with the head: nod up and down to say yes, shake side to side to say no. Ask children to try these actions and say the sentence as they move. Use a doll or a drawing and point to the head while repeating the word. Explain one simple function: the head helps us hold eyes and ears and contains the brain that helps us think and learn.

Use short games, like "Touch your head when I say 'head'" or rhymes that include the word head. Ask children to wear a hat and say where the hat sits. Keep the pace slow and give praise for correct answers. These steps help children remember the word, recognise the head on themselves and others, and use the simple sentence with confidence in both English and Hindi.

Eyes: seeing and colours
Eyes are the parts of the face that help us see. We use eyes to look at books, faces, the board and colours. Teach the word slowly and ask children to point to their eyes. Say: "These are my eyes." and in Hindi: "ये मेरी आँखें हैं।" Show pictures of many coloured objects and ask children which thing they see first. This builds a connection between the word and the function of seeing.

Play simple listening and seeing games: "I spy" is good for practising: say "I spy with my little eye something red" and ask children to find the red object. Teach short safety rules: do not rub your eyes with dirty hands and do not poke them. Show gentle blinking and looking left and right to help children learn how eyes move.

Use a picture book and ask children to describe what they see in one short sentence. Encourage use of the word in daily class: "Look with your eyes" and "Close your eyes now." Keep sentences short and repeat the name and action many times so children remember both the word and the purpose of eyes.

Ears: listening and balance
Ears are on the sides of the head. We use them to hear sounds: a teacher's voice, music, birds, and a bell. Teach the word clearly and ask children to touch their ears and say: "These are my ears." / "ये मेरे कान हैं।" Explain that ears also help us keep balance when we stand, walk or run. Keep this explanation very simple: ears help us hear and help us not fall down.

Use listening activities to show how ears work. Ring a bell or clap hands and ask children to point to their ears. Ask them to close their eyes and tell you which direction the sound came from. Teach safety: do not put sharp objects into ears and avoid very loud noises. Show how covering the ears makes sounds quieter and ask children to try this and describe the difference.

Use a short rhyme or song about ears. Repeat the words and actions many times, and praise children who follow instructions. Simple examples and games help children remember both the name and the helpful job ears do for hearing and balance.

Nose: smelling and breathing
The nose sits in the middle of the face. We use the nose to smell flowers, food and fresh air. The nose also helps us breathe in and out. Teach the word slowly and ask children to touch the tip of their nose while saying: "This is my nose." / "यह मेरी नाक है।" Help them understand that smelling tells us if food smells good or bad and that breathing through the nose helps us stay calm.

Give safe smelling activities: ask children to close their eyes and smell a lemon slice, a flower or soap, then guess what they smelled. Use this to link the word 'nose' with the action of smelling. Teach one health rule: gently blow your nose with a tissue when it is dirty and never put small objects into the nose.

Show how to breathe slowly in and out through the nose for a few seconds; this is a calming exercise children can do. Use short repeated sentences and songs, and ask children to point to their noses when you name the part. Repeat the name and the simple function many times so children remember both the word and the good habits that keep the nose healthy.

Mouth and teeth: speaking and eating
The mouth is under the nose and it helps us speak, eat and smile. Inside the mouth are teeth that help cut and chew food so we can swallow easily. Teach the words 'mouth' and 'teeth' clearly and have children open their mouths and show a big smile while saying: "This is my mouth." / "यह मेरा मुँह है।" and "These are my teeth." / "ये मेरे दांत हैं।" Keep the sentences short and repeat often.

Show simple hygiene rules: brush your teeth in the morning and at night to keep them clean and strong. Use a toy or a model mouth to demonstrate brushing. Explain why we should not put hard or dirty things in the mouth and why we must cover the mouth when coughing to keep others safe.

Use role-play: pretend to eat different foods and show which teeth help chew. Sing a short brushing song and practise the action together. Ask children to say one thing they do with the mouth, such as 'eat' or 'speak.' Praise correct answers and encourage children to use the new words in short sentences in both English and Hindi.

Hands and fingers: holding and touching
Hands are at the ends of our arms. We use them to hold things, write, draw and play. Fingers are the small parts at the end of the hand. Fingers help us pick up small objects, button clothes and show numbers when we count. Teach the words 'hands' and 'fingers' with actions: clap, wave, and wiggle fingers while saying the words in English and Hindi: "These are my hands and fingers." / "ये मेरे हाथ और उंगलियाँ हैं।"

Practice counting on the fingers from one to five. Use games like passing a ball, threading beads or buttoning a cloth to show how fingers help. Teach a hygiene rule: wash your hands before eating and after playing to keep germs away. Show proper handwashing steps simply: wet, soap, rub, rinse and dry.

Give short classroom commands: 'Clap your hands', 'Show me three fingers', 'Hold your pencil with three fingers.' Repeat these commands often so children learn both action and vocabulary. Use praise for neat work that uses hands and fingers well. Hands-on practice helps children remember the words and learn the useful jobs hands and fingers do every day.

Legs and feet: walking and running
Legs are the long parts of the body that help us walk, run and jump. Feet are at the end of the legs and they touch the ground. Toes are on the feet and help us balance. Teach the words 'legs', 'feet' and 'toes' while children stand, march or hop. Say the sentences slowly: "These are my legs and feet." / "ये मेरे पैर और पंजे हैं।" and point to the parts together.

Use movement activities to help learning: march in a line, hop like a rabbit, stand on tiptoes and balance. These actions show how legs and feet are used and make learning fun. Teach a safety habit: wear shoes outside and keep feet clean and dry after washing. Show how socks help protect feet in cold weather.

Give simple commands: 'Run to the line', 'Stand on one foot', 'Wiggle your toes.' Ask children to tell one thing they do with legs or feet, such as 'I walk.' Repeat the words many times and praise children who follow the commands. Active practice helps children remember names, actions and good habits related to legs and feet.